OpenStreetMap stores nodes (positions), ways (ordered node references) and relations (members with roles). Tags describe their intended meaning. A map feature is not necessarily a complete or current inventory entry.
Choose an access path
Use Overpass for selected tags in a bounded area. Use an OSM extract for broader regional processing. A tile service supplies cartographic display and is not a substitute for the underlying feature data.
Record the extract date, geographic boundary, tag predicates and conversion method. Retain element type and ID; numeric IDs alone are not unique across nodes, ways and relations. Review ODbL and attribution requirements before distributing derived data.
Interpret the tags
Road class, access, surface and seasonal restrictions answer different questions. A place point identifies a named place; it does not supply a settlement boundary or population. A landuse=residential polygon indicates mapped land use. Health and education facilities can use several tag families and geometry types.
Inspect a sample of raw tags before mapping them to a target schema. Keep original tags alongside normalized fields, and represent missing information explicitly.
Temane extract
The attached sample demonstrates roads, amenities and power features. Its counts describe these files, not the total facilities or network in Temane. Compare coverage against other sources before using it for access or exposure analysis.